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Gynecological Diseases

Gynecology, popularly known as the Department of Gynecology, deals with gynecological diseases that occur from adolescence to menopause. Gynecological oncology deals with gynecological cancers. Cervix (cervix), endometrium (uterus), ovary (ovary) cancers are among the most common types of gynecological cancers. Tuba uterina (tube, fallopian tubes), uterus (uterus), vagina and vulva (outer part of genital area) cancers can be listed among these cancer types, which are also defined as female cancer. These cancer types, which are planned to be treated by the gynecological oncology department, are among the diseases that cause death most frequently after heart diseases all over the world.

What are Gynecological Cancers?

Gynecological cancers, which can be defined as cancer types seen in the female body, are basically related to the female reproductive organs. The most common types of gynecological cancers today are uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers. In all three types of cancer, where early diagnosis is important, additional treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are applied in addition to the surgical treatment option.

The rate of positive response to treatment is high in these 3 common cancer types.

Symptoms of gynecological cancers differ according to the organs from which they originate, such as ovaries, uterus and cervix. Diagnostic studies can also be grouped as gynecological examination, radiological examinations and laboratory examinations for the affected area.

After diagnosis, staging and treatment planning of each organ is made.

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer, defined as endometrial cancer in medical language, is the most common type of cancer among gynecological cancer types. Although the disease can be seen in almost any age group, it is more common among women aged 55 and over. The uterus thickens a little every month during the menstrual cycle and prepares itself for possible pregnancy.

In cases where pregnancy does not occur, it becomes thinner by exfoliating under the influence of hormones. This thickening and thinning inner part of the uterus is called the endometrium. It is the cells of this tissue that cause endometrial cancer.

What Are the Symptoms of Uterine Cancer?

The most common symptom of endometrial cancer is vaginal bleeding. Bleeding between menstrual cycles and excessive bleeding are common signs of uterine cancer. Vaginal bleeding during menopause may also indicate the presence of uterine cancer. In addition to these, symptoms such as pain in the pelvic region, abdominal pain, bloating are also among the symptoms of uterine cancer.

What are the Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Uterine Cancer?

Many methods such as vaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, pathological evaluation of the tissue taken by curettage, CT and MRI are used for the diagnosis of uterine cancer. Uterine cancer treatment is regulated in different ways according to the type and stage of the cancer. In addition to the surgical method, one or more of the treatment options such as hormone therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be applied.

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Another common type of cancer among gynecological cancer types is ovarian cancer. The average age of onset of the disease, which can occur in almost any age group, is 63 years. This type of cancer, also known as ovarian cancer in medicine, usually does not cause symptoms until it spreads to the pelvis and abdomen. Ovarian cancer consists of epithelial (derived from cells in the outer part of the ovary), germ cell (derived from ovum-producing cells), and stromal (derived from hormone-producing cells) tumors.

What are the Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer does not show symptoms until advanced stages. Existing symptoms are often personal to the individual. However, symptoms such as abdominal pain, stomach discomfort and bloating can be listed among the symptoms of ovarian cancer. In the advanced stages of the disease, a palpable mass, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, a feeling of pressure, urinary and intestinal problems are seen. Symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, menstrual irregularity, postmenopausal bleeding, weight loss, groin pain, loss of appetite, gas, nausea, and the need to urinate frequently can be listed among the symptoms of ovarian cancer.

What are Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Methods?

It is important to perform routine gynecological controls in order to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. Recognition of the mass during the controls allows early diagnosis. Methods such as pelvic examination, ultrasonography, CT, MRI, blood tests and pathological examination are used for the diagnosis of the disease. In addition to surgical methods, chemotherapy and radiotherapy applications are used for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer in medical language, is a disease of known and preventable cause. HPV (human papillomavirus, human papilloma virus) is the causative agent in 99% of cancers occurring in the cervix, which can be explained as the part where the uterus connects to the vagina.

What are the Symptoms of Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer can cause many symptoms. Breakthrough bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse, bleeding after sexual intercourse, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, postmenopausal bleeding, swelling in one or both legs and pain during urination can be listed as symptoms of cervical cancer.

What are Cervical Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Methods?

Regular cervical screening allows the diagnosis of cervical cancer to be made at an early stage. Methods such as HPV test and pap smear test are among the methods used in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer treatment is similar to gynecological cancer treatment methods. In addition to surgical interventions, treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are frequently used in cervical cancer.

Laparoscopic hysterectomy
Laparoscopic myomectomy
Laparoscopic cystectomy
Laparoscopic endometriosis surgeries

LANGUAGES

Gynecological Diseases